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Botany Greenhouse
This page serves as a listing of plant materials being used in Systematic Botany and Introductory Boyany (130) at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Botany Department. It is provided as a study aid and planning tool. Course syllabi are subject to change at any time and alternate plant materials may or may not be used at the discretion of the instructor and his/her teaching assistants.
Plant Phyla (Divisions)
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group System of Classification establishes a consensus view of taxonomy that reflects new knowledge in the relationships of flowering plants.
The previous major plant classification scheme, the Cronquist system (prepared by American botanist Arthur Cronquist in 1981 and based on physical features), had been increasingly challenged by molecular data. The APG system is based on molecular systematics studies that focus on two chloroplast genes and one gene coding for ribosomes. This significant selection of genes from cell organelles (zoological taxonomy similarly uses mitochondrial genes), analyzed by cladistic methods, has clarified our views of some relationships, radically changed others, and ultimately enabled a much closer approach to the phylogenetic goal of making classification reflect evolutionary descent. Angiosperm classification has been affected most radically.
spp. : Have one, or more species of indicated genus.
***** : Seasonal plants may or may not be avilable except being requested few moths in advance.
Anthocerotophyta (Flower-horn plants) - Hornworts
World wide there are around 100 species in this phylum.
Anthocerotaceae - Anthoceros spp.
Bryophyta (Moss plants) - Mosses
World wide there are around 9,500 species in this phylum.
Polytrichaceae - Atrichum spp.
Polytrichaceae - Polytrichum spp.
Sphagnaceae - Sphagnum spp.
Hepaticophyta (Marchantiophyta) (Marchantia plants)- Liverworts
World wide there are around 6,000 species in this phylum.
Marchantiaceae - Marchantia polymorpha
Ricciaceae - Riccia fluitans
Ricciaceae - Ricciocarpos spp.
Plants in these phyla (Anthocerotophyta, Bryophyta & Hepaticophyta) don not have any vascular system, true roots, stems, leaves and seeds, instead they have rhizoids, caulalia, phyllidia and spores.. They exhibit alternating generations. Gametophytes (haploid) are homothallic or heterothallic. Their gametophytes anchor to substrate with rhizoids and often have mycorrhizal fungi associated with their rhizoids. The Gametophytes are photosynthetic. The sporophyte does not have any clorophyll of its own: it grows parasitically on its gametophyte. They are dependent upon water for fertilization, as the sperm swim in a water film. The sporophytes (diploid) usually have a basal stalk called the seta and a terminal sporangium called the capsule. Spores are produced by meiosis and under right conditions, each spore germinates and eventually develop into a new gametophyte.
Lycopodiophyta (Microphyllophyta) (Wolf foot plants)- Club mosses, Spikemosses & Quillworts
Plants in this phylum do not have seeds, but they have vascular system, stems and microphylls. Microphyll is a defining feature of the group (hence, the alternate name for the phylum - the Microphyllophyta). Living members are all herbaceous although Isoetes has secondary growth. Plants are either homosporous with exosporic gametophytes or heterosporous with endosporic gametophytes.
World wide there are around 1,000 species in this phylum.
Lycopodiaceae - Lycopodium spp.
Huperziaceae - Huperzia spp.
Selaginellaceae - Selaginella spp.
Isoetaceae - Isoetes spp.
Pteridophyta (Polypodiophyta, Psilotophyta & Equisetophyta) (Fern plants)- Ferns & Horsetails
Polypodiophyt: These plants have vascular system, roots, leaves and stems but do not have seeds. Leaves are macrophylls and, in many families, demonstrate circinate vernation (a pattern of uncoiling of a crozier-like structure due to uneven growth). While arborescent species exist, no living fern demonstrates true secondary growth.
Psilotophyta: These plants are primitive in structure: Psilotum lacks both roots and leaves and is structurally similar to the fossil genus Rhynia. Recent molecular systematic studies suggest that the family is actually related to primitive ferns. Tmesipteris has a more complex morpholgy in that it has structures on the aerial shoot that are foliar. Both Psilotum and Tmesipteris have compound sporangia called synangia. In the case of Psilotum these are three-parted. While both genera have aerial branches arising from stems embedded in its substrate, they both lack roots. The rhizomes are associated with mycorrhizae. Branching occurs dichotomously by the division of the apical meristem and is most obvious in the branches of Psilotum. While Psilotum lacks true leaves, it possesses leaf-like extentions of the stem called enations. Because these lack vasculature, they are not considered leaves. However, in Psilotum complanatum, a vascular trace occurs below the enations. The foliar structures of Tmesipteris are vascularized. The gametophytes of both genera are non-photosynthetic and live in association with a fungus. In the case of Psilotum, the gametophyte of certain strains produce vascular tissue.
Equisetophyta: Horsetails may be regarded as a separate division: Arthrophyta, Equisetophyta or Sphenophyta. Group consisting of one extant family, Equisetaceae, and one genus with fifteen species. Morphologically the shoot consists of distinct nodes and internodes. The leaves are whorled and scale-like. In some species whorls of stems develop at each node. The strobilus consists of a central axis on which spore-bearing structures (sporangiophores) are arranged. These are umbrella-like with sporangia attached on the underside around the central stalk. While Equisetum is homosporous, fossil members of the phylum were heterosporous, and Equisetum itself has a tendency to produce unisexual gametophytes. Spores are associated with elators. The gametophytes are photosynthetic and fairly easy to grow on a simple autotrophic medium.
World wide there are around 10,000 species in Pteridophyta phylum.
Psilotales (Psilotaceae), Marattiales(Marattiaceae), Ophioglossales (phioglossaceae), Polypodiales (Aspleniaceae, Blechnaceae, Davalliaceae, Dryopteridaceae, Lomariopsidaceae, Polypodiaceae, Pteridaceae, Tectariaceae) Salviniales (Marsileaceae,Salviniaceae) Schizaeales (Anemiaceae)
Anemiaceae - Anemia mexicana
Aspleniaceae - Asplenium spp.
Blechnaceae - Blechnum gibbum
Blechnaceae - Stenochlaena palustris
Blechnaceae - Woodwardia orientalis
Davalliaceae - Davallia spp.
Dryopteridaceae - Cyrtomium falcatum
Dryopteridaceae - Dryopteris filix-mas
Dryopteridaceae - Polystichum tsus-simense
Dryopteridaceae - Rumohra adiantiformis
Equisetaceae - Equisetum spp.
Lomariopsidaceae - Nephrolepis spp.
Marattiaceae - Angiopteris lygodiifolia
Marsileaceae - Marsilea drummondii
Polypodiaceae - Lecanopteris sinuosa
Polypodiaceae - Polypodium spp.
Polypodiaceae - Pyrrosia lingua
Psilotaceae - Psilotum nudum
Pteridaceae - Adiantum spp.
Pteridaceae - Coniogramme fraxinea
Pteridaceae - Hemionitis spp.
Pteridaceae - Pellaea rotundifolia
Pteridaceae - Pteris spp.
Salviniaceae - Azolla spp.
Salviniaceae - Salvinia rotundifolia
Tectariaceae - Tectaria cicutaria
Pteridospermatophyta (Fern with seeds plant)
These plants are extinct (Devonian period) and are known from fossils.
Pinophyta (Sap/pitch plants) -Conifers
Plants in this phylum produce abundant secondary xylem and grow as either trees or shrubs. Trachiary elements in the xylem include only tracheids, and the sieve elements of the phloem include only sieve cells. Leaves are macrophylls but take the form of needles or scales for most species. They are dioecious or monecious plants. Pollen (microgametophyes) is produced in microsporangiate stobili (pollen cones) made up of sporophylls where the pollen sacs (microsporangia) are borne on the lower surface. All species are wind-pollinated. Sperm are not flagellated and are carried directly to the egg by means of a pollen tube. With the exception of the Taxaceae, ovules are borne in complex or secondarily reduced megasporangiate stobili (seed cones) consisting of seed scales bearing ovules and they are subtended by a sterile bract. Together the seed-scale with its sterile bract is termed a seed-scale complex. These are aranged around the central axis of the ovulate cone.
World wide there are around 550 species in this phylum.
Pinales (Pinaceae, Araucariaceae, Podocarpaceae, Sciadopityaceae, Cupressaceae, Cephalotaxaceae, Taxaceae)
Araucariaceae - Araucaria heterophylla
Araucariaceae - Wollemia nobilis
Cupressaceae - Cryptomeria japonica
Cupressaceae - Juniperus ssp.
Cupressaceae - Sequoia sempervirens
Cupressaceae - Thuja occidentalis
Pinaceae - Pinus spp.
Podocarpaceae - Podocarpus macrophyllus
Taxaceae - Taxus spp.
Cycadophyta (Palm plants)- Cycads
Seed plants made up of only three living families. Leaves are pinnately compound and distictly palm-like. Leaf development typically occurs as an uncoiling of a hooked leaf primordium similar to circinate vernation in the ferns. While secondary growth occurs in the stem this does not result in the formation of large amounts of secondary xylem. Apogeotropic roots are formed that enclose mutualistic cyanobacteria that fix nitrogen. Dioecious plants that bear strobili either made up of megasporophylls bearing ovules or of microsporophylls bearing pollen sacs (Cycas is the exception with meagasporophylls arranged in a loose cluster around the apex of the plant). Pollen produces a pollen tube that is haustorial and which delivers flagellated sperm to an egg in an archegonium of the female gametophyte.
World wide there are around 100 species in this phylum.
Cycadales (Cycadaceae, Stangeriaceae, Zamiaceae)
Cycadaceae - Cycas spp.
Zamiaceae - Dioon spp.
Zamiaceae - Ceratozamia spp.
Zamiaceae - Zamia spp.
Ginkgophyta (Ginkgo plants)- Ginkgo
Phylum of seed plants represented by one living species, Ginkgo biloba. Deciduous trees bearing distinctive fan-shaped leaves. Branches with numerous spur shoots that bear the reproductive structures. Stems with extensive secondary growth producing considerable secondary xylem. Dioecious trees. Megasporangiate trees bearing two ovules at the end of a stalk. Typically only one ovule develops into a mature seed. Integument includes three layers. The inner layer develops into the stoney seed coat. The outer two into a fleshy fruit-like tissue. Because this tissue has a strong, unpleasant odor, "male" buds are typically grafted onto seedling roots to produce "male" trees for ornamental use. Microsporangiate ("male") trees bear catkin-like microsporangiate strobili. These release pollen (microgametophytes) that are wind borne. Pollen produces a pollen tube that is haustorial and which delivers flagellated sperm to an egg in an archegonium of the female gametophyte.
World wide there is one species in this phylum.
Ginkgoales (Ginkgoaceae)
Ginkgoaceae - Ginkgo biloba
Gnetophyta (Gnetophytes) - Gnetum
This phylum is widely considered to be the closest extant relative of the flowering plants. Plants are trees, shrubs, lianes. Leaves are simple, opposite or whorled and strap-like in Welwitschiaceae, angiosperm-like in Gnetaceae, or scale-like in Ephedraceae. Secondary xylem contains vessels, as in angiosperms, although the homology of the vessels in the two phylum is in question. Plants are usually dioecious with "flowers" unisexual in compound strobili or "inflorescences". Female flowers have one (rarely paired), erect ovule, a nucellus of two or three coats, and micropyle projecting as a long tube. The female gametophyte often lacks organized archegonia. Male cone mostly compound, and associated with bracts. Fertilization occurs through pollen-tubes with two male nuclei. Double fertilization is recorded for some members of the phylum as in angiosperms, although the two are not exactly homologous. Insect pollination is likely due to cone exudations.
World wide there are around 70 species in this phylum.
Gnetales (Gnetaceae) Welwitschiales (Welwitschiaceae) Ephedrales (Ephedraceae)
Ephedraceae - Ephedra spp.
Gnetaceae - Gnetum gnemon
Welwitschiaceae - Welwitschia mirabilis
Anthophyta or Magnoliophyta (Flower plant) -Flowering plants
Plants range in habit and form from minute, aquatic duckweeds to giant, buttressed forest trees. The early radiation of angiosperms includes woody plants, small herbaceous "paleoherbs," and emergent or floating aquatics. Subsequent radiations have produced annuals, vines, stem succulents, epiphytes, carnivores, parasites, and saprophytes. Except for some putatively primitive dicots, aquatics, and many monocots, vessel elements are characteristic of angiosperms. Leaves are generally broad and possess advanced venation patterns. Plants are typified by a true flower which has been interpreted to be either a highly modified shoot (with modified stem and leaves) or a condensed and reduced compound strobilus or inflorescence. Floral parts generally include sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels. Ovules are contained within the megasporophylls (the carpels - or fused carpels = ovary) that is sealed in all but several putatively primitive angiosperm families. Pollination (pollen movement to the receptive stigma) is mediated by wind, water, or a wide variety of animal vectors. Self pollination, as well as parthenogenesis, are common. Double fertilization occurs in all members of the phylum to produce the unusual stored food tissue called endosperm. Seeds are disseminated via diverse kinds of fruits and associated mechanisms: follicles, capsules, berries, drupes, samaras, nuts, and achenes.
World wide there are around 235,000 species in this phylum.
The phylum is traditionally divided into two classes;
Class: A. Dicotyledoness
a. Number of cotyledons: two in each embryo. b. Flower parts: in multiples of five or four. c. Pollen: with three pores or furrows. d. Venation: reticulated. e. Secondary growth: usually present. f. Stem vascular bundles: in a ring. g. Roots: develop from radicle.
Class: B. Monocotyledones
a. Number of cotyledon: one in each embryo. b. Flower parts: in multiples of three. c. Pollen: with one pore or furrow. d. Venation: parallel. e. Secondary growth: not present. f. Stem vascular bundles: scattered. g. Roots: adventitious.
[Angiosperm Phylogeny Group]
Amborellales (Amborellaceae), Nymphaeales (Nymphaeaceae), Austrobaileyales (Austrobaileyaceae, Illiciaceae), Ceratophyllales (Ceratophyllaceae),
Magnoliids: Canellales (Winteraceae), Piperales (Aristolochiaceae, Piperaceae, Saururaceae), Laurales (Calycanthaceae, Lauraceae), Magnoliales (Annonaceae, Magnoliaceae)
Annonaceae - Annona spp.
Aristolochiaceae - Aristolochia spp.
Austrobaileyaceae - Austrobaileya spp.
Ceratophyllaceae- Ceratophyllum spp.
Illiciaceae - Illicium floridanum
Lauraceae- Cinnamomum zeylanicum
Lauraceae - Persea americana
Magnoliaceae - Liriodendron tulipifera
Magnoliaceae - Magnolia spp.
Nymphaeaceae - Nymphaea spp.
Piperaceae - Peperomia spp.
Piperaceae - Piper nigrum
Saururaceae - Houttuynia cordata
[Monocots 1 - (Alismatoid Monocots)]
Acorales (Acoraceae)Alismatales (Alismataceae, Aponogetonaceae, Araceae, Butomaceae, Lemnaceae, Limnocharitaceae, Potamogetonaceae)
Acoraceae - Acorus spp.
Alismataceae- Sagittaria spp.
Araceae - Aglaonema spp.
Araceae - Alocasia spp.
Araceae - Amorphophallus spp.
Araceae - Anthurium spp.
Araceae - Colocasia spp.
Araceae - Dieffenbachia spp.
Araceae - Dracontium gigas
Araceae - Epipremnum aureum
Araceae - Homalomena pygmaea
Araceae - Monstera deliciosa
Araceae - Philodendron spp.
Araceae - Pistia stratiotes
Araceae - Spathiphyllum spp.
Araceae - Syngonium podophyllum
Araceae - Zamioculcas spp.
Lemnaceae - Lemna minor
Limnocharitaceae - Hydrocleys nymphoides
[Monocots II-(Petaloid or Liliod Monocots)]
Asparagales (Agapanthaceae, Agavaceae, Alliaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae, Aloaceae+Asphodelaceae+Hemerocallidaceae+Xanthorhoeaceae, Hyacinthaceae, Iridaceae, Ixioliriaceae, Laxmanniaceae, Orchidaceae, Ruscaceae+Convallariaceae+Dracaenaceae+Polygonataceae+Sansevieraceae) Dioscoreales (Dioscoreaceae, Taccaceae) Liliales (Alstroemeriaceae, Colchicaceae+Uvulariaceae, Liliaceae, Smilaceae) Pandanales (Cyclanthaceae, Pandanaceae, Stemonaceae, Triuridaceae, Velloziaceae)
Aloaceae+Asphodelaceae+Hemerocallidaceae+Xanthorhoeaceae - Aloe spp.
Aloaceae+Asphodelaceae+Hemerocallidaceae+Xanthorhoeaceae - Gasteria spp.
Aloaceae+Asphodelaceae+Hemerocallidaceae+Xanthorhoeaceae - Haworthia spp.
Aloaceae+Asphodelaceae+Hemerocallidaceae+Xanthorhoeaceae - Phormium tenax
Agapanthaceae - Agapanthus africanus
Agavaceae - Agave spp.
Agavaceae - Chlorophytum comosum
Agavaceae - Furcraea guerrerensis
Agavaceae - Yucca spp.
Alliaceae - Allium spp.
Amaryllidaceae - Clivia spp.
Amaryllidaceae - Eucharis spp.
Amaryllidaceae - Haemanthus katharinae
Amaryllidaceae - Hippeastrum hybrid
Amaryllidaceae - Hymenocallis spp.
Amaryllidaceae - Paramongaia weberbaueri
Amaryllidaceae - Sprekelia formosissima
Asparagaceae - Asparagus spp.
Dioscoreaceae- Dioscorea bulbifera
Hyacinthaceae - Bowiea volubilis
Hyacinthaceae - Ledebouria socialis
Hyacinthaceae - Ornithogalum caudatum
Iridaceae - Dietes vegeta
Iridaceae - Iris spp.
Iridaceae - Neomarica gracilis
Laxmanniaceae- Cordyline spp.
Liliaceae - Tricyrtis hirta
Orchidaceae - Bletia purpurea
Orchidaceae - Brassavola nodosa
Orchidaceae - Brassia spp.
Orchidaceae - Catasetum integerrimum
Orchidaceae - Cattleya spp.
Orchidaceae - Coelogyne flaccida
Orchidaceae - Cymbidium spp.
Orchidaceae - Dendrobium spp.
Orchidaceae - Encyclia alata
Orchidaceae - Epidendrum spp.
Orchidaceae - Gongora galeata
Orchidaceae - Haemaria discolor
Orchidaceae - Isochilus spp.
Orchidaceae - Maxillaria spp.
Orchidaceae - Oncidium spp.
Orchidaceae - Paphiopedilum spp.
Orchidaceae - Phalaenopsis spp.
Orchidaceae - Phragmipedium spp.
Orchidaceae - Schomburgkia
Orchidaceae - Vanda spp.
Orchidaceae - Vanilla spp.
Orchidaceae - Zygopetalum mackayi
Pandanaceae - Pandanus veitchii
Ruscaceae+Convallariaceae+Dracaenaceae+Polygonataceae+Sansevieracea- Aspidistra elatior
Ruscaceae+Convallariaceae+Dracaenaceae+Polygonataceae+Sansevieracea- Astroloba spp.
Ruscaceae+Convallariaceae+Dracaenaceae+Polygonataceae+Sansevieracea -Beaucarnea
Ruscaceae+Convallariaceae+Dracaenaceae+Polygonataceae+Sansevieracea - Dracaena spp.
Ruscaceae+Convallariaceae+Dracaenaceae+Polygonataceae+Sansevieracea - Ruscus spp.
Ruscaceae+Convallariaceae+Dracaenaceae+Polygonataceae+Sansevieracea - Sanseviera spp.
Taccaceae - Tacca leontopetaloides
[Monocots III- (Commelinoid Monocots)]
Arecales (Arecaceae) Zingiberales (Cannaceae, Costaceae, Heliconiaceae, Marantaceae, Musaceae, Strelitziaceae, Zingiberaceae) Commelinales (Commelinaceae, Pontederiaceae) Poales (Bromeliaceae, Cyperaceae, Juncaceae, Poaceae, Rapateaceae, Sparganiaceae, Typhaceae)
Arecaceae - Chamaedorea elegans
Arecaceae - Cocos nucifera
Arecaceae - Phoenix dactylifera
Bromeliaceae - Acanthostachys strobilacea
Bromeliaceae - Aechmea spp.
Bromeliaceae - Ananas comosus
Bromeliaceae - Billbergia spp.
Bromeliaceae - Brocchinia spp.
Bromeliaceae - Catopsis morrenianus
Bromeliaceae - Cryptanthus spp.
Bromeliaceae - Cryptbergia rubra
Bromeliaceae - Dyckia spp.
Bromeliaceae - Fosterella villosula
Bromeliaceae - Guzmania spp.
Bromeliaceae - Hechtia spp.
Bromeliaceae - Neoregelia spp.
Bromeliaceae - Pitcairnia spp.
Bromeliaceae - Puya spp.
Bromeliaceae - Ronnbergia petersii
Bromeliaceae - Tillandsia spp.
Bromeliaceae - Tillandsia usneoides
Bromeliaceae - Vriesea spp.
Cannaceae- Canna spp.
Commelinaceae - Callisia spp.
Commelinaceae - Dichorisandra thyrsiflora
Commelinaceae - Rhoeo spathacea
Commelinaceae - Tradescantia spp.
Commelinaceae - Setcreasea pallida
Commelinaceae - Zebrina spp.
Costaceae - Costus spp.
Cyperaceae - Carex spp.
Cyperaceae - Cyperus spp.
Cyperaceae - Eleocharis spp.
Heliconiaceae - Heliconia spp.
Juncaceae - Juncus spp.
Marantaceae - Calathea ornata 'Roseo-Lineata'
Marantaceae - Maranta spp.
Marantaceae - Stromanthe amabilis
Musaceae - Musa x paradisiaca
Poaceae - Agrostis spp.
Poaceae - Avena stiva
Poaceae - Bambusa glaucescens
Poaceae - Coix lacryma-jobi
Poaceae - Cymbopogon citratus
Poaceae - Hordeum spp.
Poaceae - Lithachne humilis
Poaceae - Oryza sativa
Poaceae - Pharus latifolius
Poaceae - Phyllostachys aurea
Poaceae - Saccharum officinarum
Poaceae - Setaria palmifolia
Poaceae - Stenotaphrum secundatum
Poaceae - Triticum spp.
Poaceae - Zea spp.
Pontederiaceae - Eichhornia crassipes
Rapateaceae - Kunhardtia radiata
Rapateaceae - Stegolepis spp.
Strelitziaceae - Strelitzia reginae
Strelitziaceae - Ravenala madagascariensis
Zingiberaceae - Curcuma domestica
Zingiberaceae - Elettaria cardamomum
Zingiberaceae - Hedychium spp.
Zingiberaceae - Zingiber spp.
Ranunculales (Berberidaceae, Papaveraceae+Fumariaceae, Ranunculaceae) Proteales (Nelumbonaceae, Proteaceae) Buxales (Buxaceae) Trochodendrales (Trochodendraceae)
Berberidaceae- Mahonia spp.
Buxaceae- Buxus spp.
Nelumbonaceae - Nelumbo spp.
Proteaceae - Protea neriifolia
Ranunculaceae - Anemone hupensis
[Core Eudicots Caryophyllids-Tricolpates]
Gunnerales (Gunneraceae) Caryophyllales (Aizoaceae+Tetragoniaceae, Amaranthaceae+Chenopodiaceae, Cactaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Didiereaceae, Droseraceae, Nepenthaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Phytolaccaceae, Plumbaginaceae, Polygonaceae, Portulacaceae) Santalales (Santalaceae, Loranthaceae)
Aizoaceae - Lithops spp.
Aizoaceae - Faucaria spp.
Amaranthaceae+Chenopodiaceae - Alternanthera ficoidea
Amaranthaceae+Chenopodiaceae - Amaranthus spp.
Amaranthaceae+Chenopodiaceae- Beta vulgaris
Amaranthaceae+Chenopodiaceae - Celosia spp.
Cactaceae - Ariocarpus trigonus
Cactaceae - Astrophytum spp.
Cactaceae - Carnegiea gigantea
Cactaceae - Cephalocereus senilis
Cactaceae - Cereus hexagonus
Cactaceae - Echinocactus grusonii
Cactaceae - Epiphyllum spp.
Cactaceae - Ferocactus spp.
Cactaceae - Lemaireocereus spp.
Cactaceae - Mammillaria spp.
Cactaceae - Notocactus leninghusii
Cactaceae - Opuntia spp.
Cactaceae - Pereskia aculeata
Cactaceae -Pereskiopsis sp.
Cactaceae - Rhipsalis spp.
Cactaceae - Schlumbergera spp.
Caryophyllaceae - Dianthus spp.
Didiereaceae - Alluaudia spp.
Didiereaceae - Didierea trollii
Droseraceae - Dionaea muscipula
Droseraceae - Drosera spp.
Nepenthaceae- Nepenthes spp.
Nyctaginaceae - Bougainvillea spp.
Nyctaginaceae - Pisonia umbellifera
Phytolaccaceae - Rivina humilis
Phytolaccaceae - Phytolacca americana
Plumbaginaceae - Plumbago auriculata
Polygonaceae - Coccoloba uvifera
Polygonaceae - Fagopyrum esculentum
Polygonaceae - Homalocladium platycladum
Polygonaceae - Polygonum capitatum
Polygonaceae - Rumex spp.
Portulacaceae - Anacampseros rufescens
Portulacaceae - Portulaca spp.
Portulacaceae - Portulacaria afra
Portulacaceae - Talinum paniculatum
