Literature - Croton Research Network

Geiseler, E.F. (1807). Crotonis monographiam. vi, 83 pp. Halle/Saale. (M.D. dissertation, Univ. Halle.) La. — Revision (121 spp.) with synoptic key, descriptions, citations, localities and specimens seen. Treatments of Stillingia and Aleurites follow that of Croton. [Mainly of historical interest.]

Froembllng, W. (1896). Anatomisch-systematische Untersu-chung von Blatt und Axe der Crotoneen und Euphyllantheen. Bot. Centralbl. 16(65): 129-139, 177-192, 241-249, 289-297, 321-329, 369-378, 403-411, 433-441; 2 pls. (Diss., Univ. München; reprinted, 76 pp., 2 pls., Cassel.) Ge. — An anatomical study of Croton and its immediate allies as well as of Phyllanthus and its immediate allies. Most of the paper is on Croton where a great diversity of structure was observed; such did not obtain in Phyllanthus for which coverage is limited to the last installment (with some attention given to the phenomenon of phylloclady in part of the genus). All species studied are listed, and keys to the internal structures in Croton are spread over much of the work. The captions to the two plates appear in the last installment.

Ferguson, A. M. (1901). Crotons of the United States. Ann. Rep. Missouri Bot. Gard. 12: 33-73, pls. 4-31. En. — General features, with a short history of the genus; key to and descriptive treatment of 25 species (and several additional infraspecific taxa) with synonymy, references, indication of distribution and habitat, localities with exsiccatae (without indication of herbarium of deposit), and commentary including variant forms; bibliography, plate captions, and index at end. [Elderly, but not yet in toto superseded. Marshall C. Johnston, responsible for many subsequent additions (see below, partly with B. H. Warnock), considers the work ?remarkably well-done?. Outside of Texas, the genus in North America north of Mexico is best developed in Florida.]

Pennell, F. (1918). Notes on plants of the southern United States, IV. The genus Crotonopsis. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 45: 477-480. En. — Coverage of 2 species; differences described. [Genus now reduced to Croton. The species are nearest sect. Angelandra in that genus.]

Pax, F. & K. Hoffmann (1923). Euphorbiaceae americanae novae, I. Repert. Spect. Nov. Regni Veg. 19: 172-177. Ge. — Descriptions of several new species of Croton and Julocroton (the latter now merged with Croton).

Pax, F. & K. Hoffmann (1931). Croton, Julocroton, Crotonopsis, Eremocarpus. In A. Engler (ed.), Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, 2. Aufl., 19c: 83-88, illus. Leipzig. Ge. — Synopsis with description of genera and literature citations; in Croton 11 subgenera recognised of which no. 2 (Croton) has 4 sections and no. 3 (Decarinum) has 2. Representative species are there listed under ultimate infrageneric taxa. [In Croton, ?mehr als 600 Arten? was the authors? estimate of the total number of species. Julocroton was reckoned at 30 species in 2 sections with J. triqueter the most widely distributed and the only one in sect. Eremadenia (= sect. Julocroton).]

Leandri, J. (1939). Le Croton de Madagascar et des îles voisines. 100 pp., 11 fig. (incl. map) (Ann. Inst. Bot.-Géol. Colon. Marseille, V, 7(1)). Marseilles. Fr. — Review of morphology and characters, biology and biogeography, and general affinities (Malagasy species together thought to be monophyletic); keys to groups; revision (106 species, of which 94 certain) with keys, descriptions, synonymy, distribution and habitat, localities with exsiccatae, and commentary; conclusion, index and list of collections seen at end. [The author contributed many additions and other changes in 1969-76, all in Adansonia, II; only the first (1969) is separately cited here. All his work is now largely out of date; a new treatment of Malagasy Croton is currently being undertaken by A. Radcliffe-Smith who estimates that there are more than 200 species.]

Croizat, L. (1940). Thirty-five new species of American Croton. J. Arnold Arbor. 21: 78-107. En. — Novelties from Mexico to Argentina, described from a variety of sources; the arrangement is in the first instance geographical. [The author estimated then that the genus had over 1000 species.

Croizat, L. (1941). Preliminaries for the study of Argentine and Uruguayan species of Croton. Darwiniana 5: 417-462. En. — Extensive commentary on 30 species with necessary synonymy; no key. A section on phytogeography concludes the paper, along with a summary of species and names accounted for and a full index.

Carabia, J. P. (1942). El género Croton en Cuba. Caribbean For. 3: 114-135. Sp. — General introduction; key to and descriptive treatment of 33 species with references, synonymy, type locality, localities with exsiccatae, and commentary. No attempt is made at a sectional grouping. [A superficial work in the view of Borhidi and Muñiz, 1977; many good species were treated as synonyms.]

Croizat, L. (1942). New and critical Euphorbiaceae from the tropical Far East. J. Arnold Arbor. 23: 495-508. En. — Pp. 495-506 cover 20 species and 2 additional varieties of Croton, some new; extensive commentary. [The author acknowledges a narrow species concept for Croton.]

Croizat, L. (1942). New species of Croton from New Guinea. J. Arnold Arbor. 23: 369-376. En. — Descriptions of 10 novelties with commentary, based mainly on collections from the Archbold Expeditions; no key.

Croizat, L. (1942). On certain Euphorbiaceae from the tropical Far East. J. Arnold Arbor. 23: 29-54. En. — Treatment of 13 species, mainly novelties, but no key; some reductions (pp. 41-47).

Croizat, L. (1943). Preliminari per uno studio del genere "Julocroton" Mart. Revista Argent. Agron. 10: 117-145. It. — General review of characters and distribution, with arguments for maintenance of the genus on a revised set of criteria; discursive enumeration including types, synonymy, descriptions of novelties, localities with exsiccatae, and prolix commentary but lacking any key; English summary at end. [Genus now merged with Croton. This is almost the only group within that genus to have been revised on its own account.]

Croizat, L. (1944). Additions to the genus Croton in South America. Darwiniana 6: 442-468. En. — General introduction in the author?s characteristic mode; descriptions of novelties, in the first instance arranged alphabetically by countries. [Mostly pertains to southern central South America.]

Croizat, L. (1945). New or critical Euphorbiaceae from the Americas. J. Arnold Arbor. 26: 181-196. En. — Includes (pp. 181-189) novelties and notes in Croton with key (including distribution) to sect. Eluteria (7 species).

Johnston, M. C. (1959). The Texas species of Croton. Southw. Nat. 3: 175-203, maps. En. — Concise revision of 18 species with key, synonymy, types, and sometimes extensive commentary incorporating exsiccatae and localities; novelties described; all taxa mapped; list of literature cited at end. [Many infraspecific taxa have been recognised.]

Johnston, M. C. & B. H. Warnock (1962). The ten species of Croton (Euphorbiaceae) occurring in far western Texas. Southwestern Nat. 7: 1-22, maps. En. — Includes key along with descriptions and indication of distribution, ecology and phenology; all species mapped (p. 4). [The species are ?vegetationally important? in the area covered, Trans-Pecos Texas.]

Léonard, J. (1962). Croton. Fl. Congo 8(1): 50-84. Brussels. Fr. — Flora treatment with key, descriptions, synonymy, localities with exsiccatae, and commentary.

Airy-Shaw, H. K. (1963). Notes on Malaysian and other Asiatic Euphorbiaceae, XXV. Croton cascarilloïdes in Borneo and Sumatra. Kew Bull. 16: 344. En. — Range extensions.

Jablonski, E. (1965). Croton. Euphorbiaceae, Guayana Highland (Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12(3)): 150-169. New York. En. — Treatment of 40 species, with key; some new. The author indicates that ?it appears impractical to attempt to use and redefine the old sectional nomenclature?. An appendix contains a list of 12 binomials pertaining to the region ?of which no herbarium specimens are available?.

Jablonski, E. (1965). Julocroton. Euphorbiaceae, Guayana Highland (Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12(3)): 169-171. New York. En. — 2 species, one new.

Airy-Shaw, H. K. (1968). Notes on Malesian and other Asiatic Euphorbiaceae, LXXXVIII. A new Croton from Borneo. Kew Bull. 21: 374-375. En. — Description of C. singularis in Sarawak and Kalimantan Timur.

Airy-Shaw, H. K. (1969). Notes on Malesian and other Asiatic Euphorbiaceae, CV. New or noteworthy species of Croton L. Kew Bull. 23: 69-77. En. — Notes and novelties; 7 species accounted for. No sections indicated.

Farnsworth, N. et al. (1969). A phytochemical and biological review of the genus Croton. Lloydia 32: 1-28. En. — Analysis (partly compiled) of chemical and pharmacological properties in 80 species; 291 references. [A narrative report without keys, synopsis or analyses in relation to systematic relationships. No attempt was made by the authors to correct nomenclature or classification.]

Leandri, J. (1969). Sur quelques espèces malgaches de Croton (Euphorbiacées). Adansonia, II, 9: 497-510. Fr. — Descriptions of six new species, with revised keys to Malagasy species in subgen. Eleuteria and subgen. Croton sect. Cleodora. [All species are now referable to other infrageneric taxa.]

Airy-Shaw, H. K. (1971). Notes on Malesian and other Asiatic Euphorbiaceae, CXXXIV. New species of Croton L. Kew Bull. 25: 514-518. En. — 4 new spp. from various parts of Malesia as well as Thailand.

Airy-Shaw, H. K. (1972). Notes on Malesian and other Asiatic Euphorbiaceae, CLVIII: New or noteworthy species of Croton L. Kew Bull. 27: 78-85. En. — 8 species, some new; no key. [A number of these are from New Guinea.]

Airy-Shaw, H. K. (1974). Notes on Malesian and other Asiatic Euphorbiaceae, CLXXVII. New species of Croton L. Kew Bull. 29: 310-312. En. — Two new species; sections not indicated.

Borhidi, A. & O. Muñiz (1977). Revisión del género Croton L. (Euphorbiaceae) en Cuba. Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 69: 41-53. Sp. — Key to 59 species (44 endemic) along with descriptions of 11 new species and some notes on those previously published. Two significant centres of diversity, both in Oriente, were identified.

Airy-Shaw, H. K. (1978). Notes on Malesian and other Asiatic Euphorbiaceae, CCXIV. Croton L. Kew Bull. 33: 55-61. En. — 7 spp., some from New Guinea; C. enantiophyllus K. Schum. transferred to Mallotus tiliifolius, a widespread littoral species.

Airy-Shaw, H. K. (1978). Notes on Malesian and other Asiatic Euphorbiaceae, CXCVII. New or noteworthy species of Croton L. Kew Bull. 32: 387-389. En. — Treatment of 2 species (one new); sections not indicated.

Allem, A. C. (1978). Preliminares para uma abordagem taxonômica do gênero Croton L. (Euphorbiaceae) do Rio Grande do Sul. Bol. Mus. Bot. Munic. 34: 1-33. Pt. — Introduction with review of previous work, particularly that of Croizat; treatment of 31 more or less determined species with synonymy, references and citations, localities with exsiccatae, and notes; a further 9 were only partially determined (including some referred to Julocroton). Some comments about Croton taxonomy are also made. [A lack of data prevented preparation of a key.]

Airy-Shaw, H. K. (1980). Notes on Euphorbiaceae from Indomalesia, Australia and the Pacific, CCXXXVI. Croton L. Kew Bull. 35: 392-393. En. — Description of C. santisukii from Thailand; related to C. zeylanicus in India and Sri Lanka.

Airy-Shaw, H. K. (1981). Notes on Asiatic, Malesian and Melanesian Euphorbiaceae, CCXLIV. Croton L. Kew Bull. 36: 604-605. En. — Descriptions of two novelties, CC. montis-silam and vidalii, respectively from Sabah and Philippines.

Sá Haiad, B. de (1987). Taxinomia e morfologia das espécies do gênero Croton L., sec. Croton, subsec. Lasiogyne (Klotzsch) Müll. Arg., sér. Gonocladium (Baill.) Müll. Arg. ocorrentes em restingas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. 92 pp. Rio de Janeiro. (Tese, Curso de Pós-graduação em Botânica, Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro). Pt. — Detailed study of 2 species (formal taxonomic treatment on pp. 12-29 with detailed descriptions, indication of distribution, localities with exsiccatae, and commentary but no key); includes historical account (pp. 3-7), review of foliar anatomy (pp. 30-71) and list of specimens seen (pp. 84-86). [One of the species is sometimes found in the coastal restinga formation, the other, rarely collected, is exclusively so. Both were assigned to sect. Croton, subsect. Lasiogyne, ser. Gonocladium.]

Radcliffe-Smith, A. (1988). Croton. Flora of Tropical East Africa, Euphorbiaceae, 1: 135-160. London. En. — Flora treatment with keys, descriptions, synonymy with references and citations, types, indication of distribution and habitat, localities with exsiccatae, and commentary.

Smith, L. B., R. J. Downs & R. M. Klein (1988). Croton; Julocroton. In R. Reitz (ed.), Flora ilustrada catariense, I: Euforbiáceas: 62-137, 138-151, illus., maps. Itajaí. Pt. — Flora treatment with keys, descriptions, vernacular names, localities with exsiccatae, and commentary. [Covers 31 species of Croton and 5 of Julocroton.]

Cordeiro, I. (1990). Aspectos taxonómicos e distribuição geográfica de Julocroton Mart. (Euphorbiaceae). Acta Bot. Brasil. 4: 83-90, maps. Pt. — Arguments for retention of Julocroton as distinct; phytogeography with isochor map and maps for selected species. [The strongest representation is in Paraguay with 21 species; most others range from Argentina to northeastern Brazil. A few occur disjunctly in Peru, Colombia and Venezuela.]

Radcliffe-Smith, A. (1990). Notes on African Euphorbiaceae, XXIII. Croton (ii). Kew Bull. 45: 555-560. En. — Novelties and notes, precursory to Flora Zambesiaca treatment.

Webster, G. L. (1992). Realignments in American Croton (Euphorbiaceae). Novon 2: 269-273. En. — Includes arguments for reduction of Crotonopsis (near Croton sect. Gynamblosis), Eremocarpus (also near Gynamblosis) and Julocroton; all retained within Croton as sections. Necessary new combinations are made, with in addition all 25 species of the former Julocroton enumerated.

Webster, G. L. (1993). A provisional synopsis of the sections of the genus Croton (Euphorbiaceae). Taxon 42: 793-823. En. — Enumeration of 40 sections, with homotypic and heterotypic synonymy, type species, descriptions, commentary including species numbers, and representative species for each; list of references. [Essential!]
Radcliffe-Smith, A. & R. Govaerts (1997). New names and combinations in the Crotonoïdeae. Kew Bull. 52: 183-189. En. — Miscellaneous names and combinations, many in Croton including transfer of taxa formerly included in Julocroton. [Precursory to World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae, the present work.]

Croton (Euphorbiaceae) Literature