Vascular Flora of Wisconsin - Botany 401
Exams [exam 2 link]
[take home portion for exam 1] - take home exam due by lecture, Tuesday March 13
Lecture material will be integrated into the exam as short answer, matching, true/false, and essay. Familial and generic characteristics introduced in lecture will only be covered if we also saw those families or genera in lab. Download lecture material to study.
Each of the three exams (including this one) is worth 90 of the total 400 points towards your final grade in this course.
Fair game for the exam:
2. Gross (that is "general" !) characteristics of families and genera. This includes lecture materials and lab materials. It also includes family characteristics that you would come across in the keys.
3. Floral and vegetative features. Be able to identify them on plants. You should, for instance, be able to answer a "What is this structure?" question as well as a "Which one of these flowers has a hypanthium?" question. Be familiar with all terms presented on the floral morphology handout as well as terms that have showed up in the keys. You should be familiar with those vegetative morphology terms that pertain to the plants we have looked at in lab as well as in the literature (G&C and Fassett). You should be familiar with floral formulas; both creating them and interpreting them.
4. Keying. Be able to key out any plant you see using G&C, Fassett, or the conifer / vascular cryptogam keys handed out. You will most likely need to use G & C to key out plants on the exam, lab copies will be available but you may also bring your own.
5. Lecture material. Ideas and concepts raised in lecture pertaining to the flora, vegetation of Wisconsin.These could involve biogeographical patterns, unusual phylogenetic relationships, nomenclatural issues, breeding systems, pollination biology, ecological adaptations, endangered species, invasive species. Download lecture material to study.
Master list of plants to know
You are responsible for all families, genera, species, and common names listed below.
You are responsible to know information about the 8 highlighted family(ies) from the lab s(in red below).
You should know some major groupings above the family level: the phyla covered and informal gropus (e.g. "basal angiosperms," "basal eudicots," "rosids," "caryophyllids"). You are not responsible for knowing orders.
Vascular cryptogams
Lycopodiophyta
Huperzia lucidulum (Lycopodiaceae) 'Shining clubmoss'
Old name: Lycopodium lucidulum
Selaginella (Selaginellaceae) 'Spikemoss'Polypodiophyta
Adiantum pedatum (Pteridaceae) 'Maidenhair fern'
Dryopteris (Dryopteridaceae) 'Wood or Shield fern'
Equisetum (Equisetaceae) 'Horsetail'
Polypodium virginianum (Polypodiaceae) 'Rock-cap fern'
Polystichum (Dryopteridaceae) 'Christmas or Holly fern'
Pteridium aquilinum (Dennstaedtiaceae) 'Bracken fern'
Onoclea sensibilis (Dryopteridaceae) 'Sensitive fern'
Osmunda (Osmundaceae) 'Cinnamon or Interrupted fern'Gymnosperms
Cupressaceae
Juniperus (Cupressaceae) 'Juniper'
Thuja occidentalis (Cupressaceae) 'Northern white cedar,' 'Eastern arborvitae'Ginkgoaceae
Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgoaceae) 'Ginkgo,' 'Maidenhair'
Pinaceae
Abies balsamea (Pinaceae) 'Balsam fir'
Larix (Pinaceae) 'Tamarack,' 'Larch'
Picea (Pinaceae) 'Spruce'
Pinus banksiana (Pinaceae) 'Jack pine'
Pinus strobus (Pinaceae) 'White pine'
Tsuga canadensis (Pinaceae) 'Eastern hemlock'Taxaceae
Taxus (Taxaceae) 'Yew'
Basal angiosperms
Aristolochiaceae
Asarum canadense (Aristolochiaceae) 'Wild ginger'
Ceratophyllaceae
Ceratophyllum demersum (Ceratophyllaceae) 'Coon tail'
Magnoliaceae
Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) 'Magnolia'
Nymphaeaceae
Nuphar variegatum (Nymphaeaceae) 'Yellow pond lily,' 'Spatterdock'
Nymphaea (Nymphaeceae) 'White water-lily'Basal eudicots
Berberidaceae
Caulophyllum (Berberidaceae) 'Blue Cohosh'
Podophyllum peltatum (Berberidaceae) 'May-apple,' 'Mandrake'Fumariaceae
Dicentra (Fumariaceae) 'Fumitory'
Nelumbonaceae
Nelumbo lutea (Nelumbonaceae) 'American lotus lily'
Papaveraceae
Sanguinaria canadensis (Papaveraceae) 'Bloodroot'
Platanaceae
Platanus (Platanaceae) 'Plane tree,' 'Sycamore'
Ranunculaceae
Anemone (formerly Hepatica) (Ranunculaceae) 'Hepatica,' 'Liver leaf'
Anemone quinquefolia (Ranunculaceae) 'Wood anemone'
Aquilegia canadensis (Ranunculaceae) 'Columbine'
Caltha palustris (Ranunculaceae) 'Marsh marigold'
Ranunculus hispidus (Ranunculaceae) 'Swamp buttercup'
Thalictrum dasycarpum (Ranunculaceae) 'Purple meadow-rue'Caryophyllids
Amaranthaceae
Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae) 'Amaranth'
Cactaceae
Opuntia (Cactaceae) 'Prickly-pear'
Caryophyllaceae
Saponaria officinalis (Caryophyllaceae) 'Bouncing bet'
Silene latifolia (Caryophyllaceae) 'White campion' 'Bladder campion'Chenopodiaceae
Chenopodium album (Chenopodiaceae) 'Lamb's quarters'
Droseraceae
Drosera rotundifolia (Droseraceae) 'Round-leaved sundew'
Phytolaccaceae
Phytolacca (Phytolaccaceae) 'Pokeweed'
Polygonaceae
Polygonum (Polygonaceae) 'Knotweed,' 'Smartweed'
Rumex acetosella (Polygonaceae) 'Sour dock'Portulacaceae
Claytonia virginica (Portulaceae) 'Spring beauty'
Rosids
Cannabaceae
Cannabis (Cannabaceae) 'Hemp' plus many other common names
Crassulaceae
Sedum (Crassulaceae) 'Stonecrop'
Cucurbitaceae
Echinocystis lobata (Cucurbitaceae) 'Wild cucumber'
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbia esula (Euphorbiaceae) 'Leafy spurge'
Fabaceae
Lupinus perennis (Fabaceae) 'Wild lupine'
Robinia pseudoacacia (Fabaceae) 'Black locust'
Trifolium (Fabaceae) 'Clover'Grossulariaceae
Ribes americanum (Grossulariaceae) 'Eastern Black Currant'
Hamamelidaceae
Hamamelis virginiana (Hamamelidaceae) 'American witch-hazel'
Hypericaceae
Hypericum perforatum (Hypericaceae) 'Common St. John's-wort'
Moraceae
Morus alba (Moraceae) 'White mulberry'
Rhamnaceae
Ceanothus americanus (Rhamnaceae) 'New Jersey Tea'
Rosaceae
Agrimonia gryposepala (Rosaceae) 'Common agrimony'
Geum (Rosaceae) 'Avens'
Malus (Rosaceae) 'Apple,' 'Crabapple'
Potentilla (Rosaceae) 'Cinquefoil,' 'Potentilla'
Prunus serotina (Rosaceae) 'Wild black cherry'
Rosa multiflora (Rosaceae) 'Multiflora rose'
Rubus (Rosaceae) 'Bramble,' 'Raspberry,' 'Blackberry'
Spiraea tomentosa (Rosaceae) 'Hardhack,' 'Steeple bush'Salicaceae
Populus tremuloides (Salicaceae) 'Quaking aspen'
Salix (Salicaceae) 'Willow'Saxifragaceae
Heuchera richardsonii (Saxifragaceae) 'Prairie alumroot'
Parnassia (Saxifragaceae) 'Grass of Parnassus'Ulmaceae
Ulmus americana (Ulmaceae) 'American elm'
Urticaceae
Urtica (Urticaceae) 'Nettle'
Violaceae
Viola pubescens (Violaceae) 'Yellow violet'
Viola sororia (Violaceae) 'Common blue violet'Vitaceae
Parthenocissus (Vitaceae) 'Virginia creeper'
Vitis (Vitaceae) 'Wild grape'
2nd Exam - not cumulative, only 2nd half of labs/lectures
[take home portion for exam 2] - take home exam due on or before Thursday April 26
Your second exam is coming. Monday and Tuesday, April 23 and 24, lab exams will be conducted during regular lab period. The exams are closed-book except for the keying exercises. The format will be similar to the last exam. Most questions on the exam will be short answer. Many will simply involve writing the correct scientific name (underlined binomial), family and common name for an herbarium specimen, live plant, or flower.
Lecture material will be integrated into the lab exam. Familial and generic characteristics introduced in lecture will only be covered if we also saw those families or genera in lab. Available here is a pdf of Lecture 2 lecture material to study - lecture questions will come from this subset.
Each lab exam (including this one) is worth 90 of the total 400 points towards your final grade in this course.
Fair game for the exam:
1. All species, genera, common names, and families listed on the handouts, including the ones you keyed out - see below for 'Master List'. You should be able to identify any plant we show you and also identify the characteristics that set it apart. Recall that scientific names and genera are underlined (or italicized if typed); and family names are capitalized but not underlined. You should also be familiar with synonyms indicated in parentheses on your lists. You are not responsible for synonyms that we haven't listed on your handouts.
2. Gross characteristics of families and genera. This includes lecture materials and lab materials. It also includes family characteristics that you would come across in the keys.
3. Floral and vegetative features. Know the vocabulary terms that have been in the lab handouts and that are used in the keys.
4. Keying. Be proficient in the use of keys.
5. Lecture material. Ideas and concepts raised in lecture pertaining to the flora, vegetation of Wisconsin. These could involve biogeographical patterns, unusual phylogenetic relationships, nomenclatural issues, breeding systems, pollination biology, ecological adaptations, endangered species, invasive species. Two special lectures on Weeds and on DNA Barcoding will also be involved.
Good luck! Please let us know if you have any questions.
You are responsible for all families, genera, species, and common names listed below.
You are responsible to know information from only 12 of the 26 highlighted family(ies) from each lab (in red below). The list of 12 required families from the 26 in red are given to you on page 2 of the pdf of Lecture 2 lecture material to study.
You are not responsible for knowing orders, phyla, or superordinal angiosperm classification (e.g. "rosids," "asterids,").
Rosids
Juglandaceae
Carya 'Hickory'
Fagaceae
Quercus macrocarpa 'Bur oak'
Betulaceae
Betula papyrifera 'Paper birch'
Ostrya virginiana 'Eastern hophornbeam' 'ironwood'Onagraceae
Oenothera biennis 'Common evening primrose'
Epilobium 'Willow-herb'Lythraceae
Lythrum 'Loosestrife'
Geraniaceae
Geranium 'Geranium'
Oxalidaceae
Oxalis 'Wood-sorrel'
Staphyleaceae
Staphylea trifolia 'Bladder- nut'
Brassicaceae
Hesperis matronalis 'Dame's rocket'
Alliaria 'Garlic mustard'
Lepidium 'Pepper-weed, Pepper-grass'Tiliaceae
Tilia americana 'Basswood'
Malvaceae
Malva 'Mallow'
Anacardiaceae
Rhus glabra 'Smooth sumac'
Toxicodendron radicans 'Poison ivy'Aceraceae
Acer negundo 'Box-elder,' 'Ash-leaved maple'
Acer saccharum 'Sugar maple'Hippocastanaceae
Aesculus 'Horse-chestnut,' 'Buckeye'
Asterids
Ericaceae
Vaccinium angustifolium 'Low sweet blueberry'
Gaylussacia baccata 'Huckleberry'Monotropaceae (or Ericaceae)
Monotropa 'Indian pipe,' 'Pinesap'
Pyrolaceae (or Ericaceae)
Pyrola 'Shin-leaf,' 'Wintergreen'
Primulaceae
Dodecatheon meadia 'Shooting star'
Sarraceniaceae
Sarracenia purpurea 'Pitcher plant'
Polemoniaceae
Polemonium reptans 'Jacob's ladder'
Phlox 'Phlox'Balsaminaceae
Impatiens 'Touch-me-not,' 'Jewelweed'
Cornaceae
Cornus racemosa 'Gray dogwood'
Gentianaceae
Gentianella quinquefolia 'Stiff gentian'
Gentianopsis crinita 'Fringed gentian'Apocynaceae
Apocynum androsaemifolium 'Spreading dogbane'
Asclepiadaceae
Asclepias syriaca 'Common milkweed'
Rubiaceae
Galium boreale 'Bedstraw'
Solanaceae
Solanum 'nightshade,' 'horse-nettle'
Convolvulaceae
Convolvulus arvensis 'Field bindweed,' 'Hedge bindweed'
Cuscutaceae
Cuscuta 'Dodder'
Boraginaceae
Lithospermum 'Pucoon,' 'gromwell'
Hydrophyllaceae
Hydrophyllum 'Waterleaf'
Oleaceae
Fraxinus pennsylvanica 'Green ash,' 'Red ash'
Lamiaceae (=Labiatae)
Nepeta cataria 'Catnip'
Lycopus uniflorus 'Northern water-horehound'
Monarda fistulosa 'Wild bergamot,' 'bee-balm'Verbenaceae
Verbena 'Vervain'
Scrophulariaceae
Pedicularis canadensis 'Lousewort,' 'Betony'
Castilleja coccinea 'Indian paint-brush'Plantaginaceae
Plantago 'Plantain'
Orobanchaceae
Conopholis 'Squawroot'
Lentibulariaceae
Utricularia 'Bladderwort'
Bignoniaceae
Catalpa speciosa 'Northern catalpa'
Caprifoliaceae
Viburnum lentago 'nannyberry'
Sambucus canadensis 'Elderberry,' 'American elder'
Diervilla 'Bush-honeysuckle'
Lonicera x bella 'hybrid Honeysuckle'Dipsacaceae
Dipsacus 'Teasel'
Apiaceae (=Umbeliferae)
Daucus carota 'Queen Anne's lace,' 'Wild carrot'
Osmorhiza longistylis 'Long-styled sweet cicely'
Sanicula 'Black snakeroot'Araliaceae
Aralia nudicaulis 'Wild sarsaparilla'
Panax quinquefolius 'American ginsengCampanulaceae
Campanula americana 'American bellflower,' 'Tall bellflower'
Lobelia siphilitica 'Great blue lobelia' (in the old Lobeliaceae)Asteraceae (=Compositae)
Coreopsis palmata 'Prairie tickseed,' 'Prairie coreopsis.'
Achillea millefolium 'Common yarrow.'
Aster novae-angliae 'New England aster'
Packera paupercula 'Balsam ragwort'
Hieracium aurantiacum 'Hairy hawkweed'
Antennaria 'Pussy-toes'
Helianthus 'Sunflower'
Solidago 'Goldenrod'Monocots
Alismataceae
Sagittaria 'Arrow head'
Potamogetonaceae
Potamogeton 'Pondweed'
Araceae
Arisaema triphyllum 'Jack-in-the-pulpit'
Symplocarpus foetidus 'Skunk cabbage'Lemnaceae (= Araceae)
Lemna 'Duck weed'
Liliaceae (sensu lato)
Erythronium albidum 'White trout lily'
Clintonia borealis 'Yellow bead-lily,' 'Bluebead lily'
Trillium grandiflorum 'Big white trillium,' 'Large-flowered trillium' (or Melanthaceae)
Maianthemum canadense 'Canada mayflower,' 'Wild lily of the valley,' (or Convallariaceae)
Allium 'Onion' (or Alliaceae)Smilacaceae
Smilax 'Carrion flower,' 'Greenbriar'
Iridaceae
Iris versicolor 'Northern blue flag'
Sisyrinchium campestre 'Prairie blue-eyed grass.'Orchidaceae
Cypripedium parviflorum 'Yellow lady's-slipper' (Synonym = C. calceolus)
Goodyera pubescens 'Rattlesnake plantain'
Calopogon 'Grass pink'
Epipactis 'Helleborine,' 'Helleborine orchid'Dioscoreaceae
Dioscorea villosa 'Wild yam,' 'Colic-root'
Commelinaceae
Tradescantia ohiensis 'Common spiderwort'
Pontederiaceae
Pontederia cordata 'Pickeral-weed'
Xyridaceae
Xyris 'Yellow-eyed grass'
Typhaceae
Typha 'Cat-tail'
Sparganiaceae
Sparganium 'Bur-reed'
Juncaceae
Juncus tenuis 'Path rush'
Luzula multiflora 'Wood rush'Cyperaceae
Carex lacustris 'Lake sedge'
Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani 'Soft-stem bullrush'Poaceae (=Gramineae)
Avena sativa 'Oats'
Elymus canadensis 'Canada wild rye'
Eragrostis cilianensis 'Lovegrass'