CARYOPHYLLIDS

Lecture Schedule

Lecture

Survey of the Core Eudicots

Caryophyllids

Circumscription of the Caryophyllids

Defined by seed characters and 3-nucleate pollen
Caryophyllales and Polygonales - in text; APG unites all as Caryophyllales
Carnivorous Nepenthaceae + Droseraceae included [see APG system vs. Cronquist's system for dicots]

Order Caryophyllales

Distinctive characteristics

placentation
10 embryological characters
sieve-tube plastid character
betalain presence

Family boundaries and relationships obscure

Group Caryophyllaceae + Amaranthaceae (incl. Chenopodiaceae)

Caryophyllaceae ("pink" family)

Cerastium vulgatum (mouse chickweed)
Arenaria stricta (sandwort)
Silene cucubalus (bladder campion)
S. latifolia (white campion) [= Lychnis alba]
S. dichotoma (forked catchfly)
Dianthus armeria (deptford pink)
Lychnis coronaria (mullein pink)

Amaranthaceae (amaranth family)

Amaranthus sp. (amaranth)
Celosia sp. (cockscomb)
Gomphrena sp. (globe amaranth)
Froelichia gracilis (cottonweed)

Chenopodiaceae (goosefoot family) [now combined with Amaranthaceae]

Kochia scoparia (summer cypress)
Chenopodium album (goosefoot, lamb's quarter)
C. ambrosioides (Mexican tea)
Cycloloma atriplicifolium (winged pigweed)
Salicornia (glasswort, samphire)
Beta vulgaris (beets, Swiss chard)
Spinacia oleracea (spinach)
Atriplex spp. (saltbush)
  

Group Portulacaceae (incl. Didiereaceae) + Cactaceae

Portulacaceae (purslane family)

Claytonia caroliniana (spring-beauty)
C. virginica (spring-beauty)
Portulaca oleracea (purslane)
P. grandiflora (rockrose)
Talinum rugospermum (fame flower)
Lewisia (bitterroot)

Cactaceae (cactus family)

Placement of the Cactaceae
Adaptations to xeric environment
Pereskia

Opuntia humifusa (O. fragilis - prickly pear)

Cereus (saguaro)
Ferrocactus
Zygocactus (Christmas cactus)
Lophora (peyote)

Didiereaceae (Madagascar "cacti") [now imbedded in Portulacaceae]

Didierea trollii

Group Phytolaccaceae + Nyctaginaceae + Aizoaceae

Phytolaccaceae (pokeweed family)

Phytolacca americana (pokeweed)

Nyctaginaceae (Four-o'clock family)

Mirabilis nyctaginea (wild four-o'clock)
M. jalapa (garden four-o'clock)
Bouganvillea (bouganvillia)

Aizoaceae

Lithops (living stones)
Mesembryanthemum

 

Order Polygonales (separate order in text, not in APG system)

Polygonaceae (smartweed family)

Rumex (dock, sorrels)
Rheum (rhubarb)
Polygonum (smartweeds, bindweeds)
Polygonella articulata (jointweed)
Fagopyrum esculentum (buckwheat)

Droseraceae (sundew family) -- see carnivory lecture for more details

Nepenthaceae (African pitcher plant family) -- see carnivory lecture for more details